Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea is the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age.
Physiological states of amenorrhoea are seen, most commonly, during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding). Outside the reproductive years, there is an absence of menses during childhood and after menopause.
Amenorrhoea is a symptom with many potential causes. Primary amenorrhea is defined as an absence of secondary sexual characteristics by age 13 with no menarche or normal secondary sexual characteristics but no menarche by 15 years of age. It may be caused by developmental problems, such as the congenital absence of the uterus, failure of the ovary to receive or maintain egg cells or delay in pubertal development. Secondary amenorrhoea, the ceasing of menstrual cycles after menarche, is defined as the absence of menses for three months in a woman with previously normal menstruation or six months for women with a history of oligomenorrhoea. Hormonal disturbances from the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, premature menopause, intrauterine scar formation, or eating disorders often cause it.
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