Hungary
| Hungary |
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(and its largest city) |
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Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning 93,030 square kilometers (35,920 sq mi) of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. Hungary has a population of nearly 10 million, primarily ethnic Hungarians and a significant Romani minority. Hungarian, the official language, is the world's most widely spoken Uralic language and among the few non-Indo-European languages commonly spoken in Europe. Budapest is the country's largest city's capital; other major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pécs, and Győr.
The present-day Hungary territory has been a crossroads for centuries for various peoples, including Celts, Romans, Germanic tribes, Huns, West Slavs and the Avars. The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century AD with the conquest of the Carpathian Basin by Hungarian grand prince Árpád. His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000, converting his realm to a Christian kingdom. By the 12th century, Hungary became a regional power, reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, it was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire (1541–1699). Hungary came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century, later joining with the Austrian Empire to form Austria-Hungary, a significant power into the early 20th century.
Austria-Hungary collapsed after World War I, and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary's current borders, losing 71% of its territory, 58% of its population, and 32% of ethnic Hungarians. Following the tumultuous interwar period, Hungary joined the Axis Powers in World War II, suffering significant damage and casualties. Postwar Hungary became a satellite state of the Soviet Union, leading to the establishment of the Hungarian People's Republic. Following the failed 1956 revolution, Hungary became a comparatively freer, though still repressive, member of the Eastern Bloc. The removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria accelerated the collapse of the Eastern Bloc and, subsequently, the Soviet Union. On 23 October 1989, Hungary became a democratic parliamentary republic. Hungary joined the European Union in 2004 and has been part of the Schengen Area since 2007.
Hungary is a middle power in international affairs, mainly owing to its cultural and economic influence. It is considered a developed country with a high-income economy and ranks 40th in the Human Development Index, with citizens enjoying universal health care and free-tuition secondary education. Hungary has a long history of significant contributions to arts, music, literature, sports, science, and technology. It is Europe's thirteenth-most popular tourist destination, drawing 15.8 million international tourists in 2017.
Spanking in Hungary
In the 20th century, school corporal punishment fell out of fashion and was gradually banned in many countries, a trend that continues until the present day.
As of May 2008, Hungary prohibits corporal punishment in schools.
Spanking in parenting and education was common in Hungary up to the early 20th century, as in most of Europe. "Spanking" is kifenekelés, elfenekelés or just fenekelés in Hungarian.
Today, both domestic and school corporal punishment is forbidden in Hungary.
Hungarian spanking art
No Hungarian spanking artist is known so far, except for Margit Gaál, who may have been Hungarian, but this is unsure.
There is a Hungarian spanking art site named Fenekelõs rajzok and a Hungarian spanking video producer named Mood Pictures (mostly harsh F/F or M/F caning).
Spanking kedvencek, erotikus fenekelés and Fenekelés are Hungarian spanking blogs.
Mainstream film
The grim Hungarian drama The Round-Up (1965) depicts a military running the gauntlet punishment of a nubile girl. The story, set in 1868, is about insurrectionists in an army prison. A beautiful young girl has to run naked between two long rows of soldiers. Each man holds a long switch and whips her severely as she runs back and forth several times before collapsing on the ground.
This scene, which combines the humiliation of forced nudity, voyeurism, and hints of a fetishistic desire to punish beautiful women, seems out of place in this otherwise dark and realistic historical film. (This scene can be viewed at YouTube and the Internet Archive.)
See also
- More information is available at [ Wikipedia:Hungary ]
- More information is available at [ Wikipedia:Hungary ]
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