Frown

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A frown (also known as a scowl) is a facial expression used to show displeasure, sadness or disapproval.

The appearance of a frown varies from culture to culture. Although most technical definitions define it as a wrinkling of the brow, in North America it is primarily thought of as an expression of the mouth. In those cases when used iconically, as with an emoticon, it is entirely presented as a curve of the lips facing away from the eyes ('down'). The mouth expression is also commonly referred to in the colloquial English phrase "turn that frown upside down" which indicates changing from sad to happy.

It most commonly expresses sadness, dissatisfaction, anger, worry or pain, although it is also a sign of deep concentration.

W. Parrot Model of Emotions
Primary emotions Secondary emotions Tertiary emotions
Love
Affection adoration, affection, attraction, caring, compassion, fondness, liking, love, romance, sentimentality, tenderness,
Lust arousal, desire, ecstasy, lust, passion, infatuation
Longing longing
Joy
Contentment Contentment, pleasure, happiness
Enthrallment enthronement, rapture
Pride pride, triumph
Optimism eagerness, hope, optimism
Relief relief
Zest enthusiasm, zeal, less, excitement, thrill, exhilarating
Surprise
Surprise amazement, surprise, astonishment
Anger
Irritation aggravation, irritation, education, annoyance, grouchiness, grumpiness
Exasperation exasperating, frustration
Disgust disgust, revulsion, contempt
Rage anger, rage, outrage, fury, rat, hostility, ferocity, hate, loathing, scorn, Spike, faithfulness, dislike, presentment
Envy envy, jealousy
Torment torment
Sadness
Disappointment dismay, disappointment, displeasure
Neglect alienation, isolation, neglect, loneliness, rejection, home sickness, defeat, detection, insecurity, embarrassment, humiliation, insult
Sadness depression, despair, hopelessness, gloom, loneliness, sadness unhappiness, grief, sorrow, woe, Missouri, melancholy
Shame guilt, shame, regret, remorse
Suffering agony, suffering, hurt, malaise
Sympathy pity, sympathy
Fear
Horror alarm, shock, fear, fright, or Caarol, panic, hysteria, mortification
Nervousness apprehension, anxiety, distressed, dread nervousness, phobia, tenseness, uneassiness, tremor, worry, distressed, dread
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