Textile

Jamdani weaving in Bangladesh

Textile is an umbrella term encompassing various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, and fabric types. Initially, the term "textiles" referred solely to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the only manufacturing method, and many other techniques have been developed to create textile structures based on their intended use. Knitting and non-woven techniques are also popular methods of fabric manufacturing. In the contemporary world, textiles meet material needs for various applications, from simple daily clothing to bulletproof jackets, spacesuits, and doctors' gowns. Textiles are categorized into two groups: consumer textiles for domestic purposes and technical textiles. In consumer textiles, aesthetics and comfort are paramount, whereas in technical textiles, functional properties take precedence. The durability of textiles is a significant attribute, with common cotton or blended garments (such as t-shirts) lasting twenty years or more with regular use and care. Examples of technical textiles include geotextiles, industrial textiles, and medical textiles, while clothing and furnishings are examples of consumer textiles. Each component of a textile product- including fiber, yarn, fabric, processing, and finishing- affects the final product. The components may differ among various textile products as they are selected based on their appropriateness for the intended purpose.

Fiber is the smallest fabric component; it is typically spun into yarn, which is then used to manufacture fabrics. Fiber has a hair-like appearance and a higher length-to-width ratio. Sources of fibers can be natural, synthetic, or a combination of both. The techniques of felting and bonding directly transform fibers into fabric. In other instances, yarns are manipulated using various fabric manufacturing systems to produce different fabric constructions. The fibers are twisted or laid out to create a long, continuous strand of yarn. Yarns are subsequently used to create various types of fabric by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, tatting, or braiding. After production, textile materials are processed and finished to enhance their value, such as aesthetics, physical characteristics, and increased functionality. The manufacturing of textiles is one of the oldest industrial arts. Dyeing, printing, and embroidery are all distinct decorative arts applied to textile materials.

Textile is an umbrella term encompassing various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, and different fabric types. Initially, the word "textiles" exclusively referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the only manufacturing method; many other techniques have since been developed to create textile structures based on their intended use. Knitting and non-woven methods are also popular types of fabric manufacturing. In today's world, textiles meet the material needs for diverse applications, ranging from everyday clothing to bulletproof jackets, spacesuits, and doctor's gowns.

Textiles are categorized into two groups: consumer textiles for domestic purposes and technical textiles. In consumer textiles, aesthetics and comfort are the primary factors, whereas functional properties take precedence in technical textiles. The durability of textiles is a significant attribute, with typical cotton or blended garments (such as t-shirts) capable of lasting twenty years or more with regular use and care.

Geotextiles, industrial textiles, medical textiles, and many other categories exemplify technical textiles, while clothing and furnishings represent consumer textiles. Each component of a textile product, including fiber, yarn, fabric, processing, and finishing, influences the final outcome. The components may vary among different textile products, as they are selected based on their suitability for their intended purpose.

Fiber is the smallest component of fabric; it is typically spun into yarn, which is then used to manufacture fabrics. Fiber has a hair-like appearance and a high length-to-width ratio. Fibers can originate from natural sources, synthetic materials, or both. The processes of felting and bonding directly convert fibers into fabric. In other situations, yarns are manipulated through various fabric manufacturing systems to create different fabric constructions. The fibers are twisted or arranged to form a long, continuous strand of yarn. Yarns are subsequently used to produce various kinds of fabric through weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, tatting, or braiding. After manufacturing, textile materials are processed and finished to enhance their value, such as aesthetics, physical characteristics, and increased functionality. The art of textile manufacturing is one of the oldest industrial arts. Dyeing, printing, and embroidery are distinct decorative techniques applied to textile materials.

Etymology

Textile

The word 'textile' originates from the Latin adjective textilis, meaning 'woven', which is derived from textus, the past participle of the verb texere, 'to weave'. Originally applied to woven fabrics, the term "textiles" now encompasses a diverse range of materials, including fibers, yarns, fabrics, and other related items.

Fabric

"Fabric" redirects here. For other uses, see Fabric (disambiguation). A "fabric" is defined as any thin, flexible material made from yarn, directly from fibers, polymeric film, foam, or any combination of these techniques. Fabric has a broader application than cloth. Fabric is synonymous with cloth, material, goods, or piece goods. The word 'fabric' also derives from Latin, with roots in the Proto-Indo-European language. It most recently stems from the Middle French fabrique, meaning "building," and earlier from the Latin fabrica ('workshop; an art, trade; a skillful production, structure, fabric'). The noun fabrica is derived from the Latin faber, meaning' artisan who works in hard materials, ' which itself comes from the Proto-Indo-European dhabh-, meaning 'to fit together. '

Cloth

Cloth is a flexible material typically made through processes such as weaving, felting, or knitting, using either natural or synthetic fibers. The term 'cloth' comes from the Old English clað, meaning "a cloth, woven, or felted material used to wrap around one's body, " which traces back to the Proto-Germanic klaithaz. This word is similar to the Old Frisian klath, the Middle Dutch cleet, the Middle High German kleit, and the German kleid, all of which mean 'garment'. While cloth falls under the category of fabric, not all fabrics qualify as cloth due to variations in their manufacturing processes, physical properties, and intended purposes. The materials that are woven, knitted, tufted, or knotted from yarns are categorized as cloth, whereas wallpaper, plastic upholstery products, carpets, and nonwoven materials serve as examples of fabrics.

History

Wikipedia article: History of clothing and textiles

Textiles are too fragile to survive for millennia; the tools used for spinning and weaving constitute most of the prehistoric evidence of textile work. The earliest spinning tool was the spindle, which eventually had a whorl added. The whorl's weight improved the thickness and twist of spun thread. Later, the spinning wheel was invented, though historians remain uncertain of its origin: some attribute it to China, while others claim India. Prehistoric textiles included leaves, barks, fur pelts, and felted cloths. The Banton Burial Cloth, the oldest existing example of warp ikat in Southeast Asia, is displayed at the National Museum of the Philippines. This cloth was likely made by the native Asian people of northwest Romblon. The first garments, worn at least 70,000 years ago and perhaps even earlier, were likely made of animal skins to protect early humans from the elements. Eventually, people learned to weave plant fibers into textiles. The discovery of dyed flax fibers in a cave in the Republic of Georgia, dated to 34,000 BCE, suggests that textile-like materials were created as early as the Paleolithic era.

The speed and scale of textile production have been altered almost beyond recognition by industrialization and the introduction of modern manufacturing techniques.

Textile industry

Wikipedia article: textile industry

The textile industry originated from art and craft and was sustained by guilds. In the 18th and 19th centuries, during the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly mechanized. In 1765, when the spinning jenny, a machine for spinning wool or cotton, was invented in the United Kingdom, textile production became the first economic activity to be industrialized. In the 20th century, science and technology emerged as driving forces. The textile industry displays inherent dynamism, influenced by numerous transformative changes and innovations within the field. Textile operations can face consequences arising from shifts in international trade policies, evolving fashion trends, changing customer preferences, fluctuations in production costs and methodologies, compliance with safety and environmental regulations, as well as advancements in research and development.

The textile and garment industries have a significant impact on the economic systems of many countries involved in textile production.

Portal:Clothing articles

Clothing • List of clothing • Fetish clothing • List of fetish clothing • Clothing as Bondage • Jewelry