Venezuela
| Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela |
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(and Venezuela's largest city) and United States dollar |
Source information is available at [ Sources ] |
Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It comprises an area of 916,445 km2 (353,841 sq mi), and its population was estimated at 29 million in 2022. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas. The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Colombia, Brazil on the south, Trinidad and Tobago to the northeast, and on the east by Guyana. Venezuela is a presidential republic of 23 states, the Capital District, and federal dependencies covering Venezuela's offshore islands. Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America; most Venezuelans live in the cities of the north and in the capital.
The territory of Venezuela was colonized by Spain in 1522 amid resistance from Indigenous peoples. In 1811, it became one of the first Spanish-American territories to declare independence from the Spanish and to form part of the first federal Republic of Colombia (Gran Colombia). It separated as a whole sovereign country in 1830. During the 19th century, Venezuela suffered political turmoil and autocracy, remaining dominated by regional military dictators until the mid-20th century. From 1958, the country had a series of democratic governments, as an exception where most of the region was ruled by military dictatorships, and the period was characterized by economic prosperity.
Economic shocks in the 1980s and 1990s led to major political crises and widespread social unrest, including the deadly Caracazo riots of 1989, two attempted coups in 1992, and the impeachment of a President for embezzlement of public funds charges in 1993. The collapse in confidence in the existing parties saw the 1998 Venezuelan presidential election, the catalyst for the Bolivarian Revolution, which began with a 1999 Constituent Assembly, where a new Constitution of Venezuela was imposed. Soaring oil prices bolstered the government's populist social welfare policies, temporarily increasing social spending and reducing economic inequality and poverty in the regime's early years. However, poverty began to increase rapidly in the 2010s. The 2013 Venezuelan presidential election was widely disputed, leading to widespread protests, which triggered another nationwide crisis that continues today. Venezuela has experienced democratic backsliding, shifting into an authoritarian state. It ranks low in international measurements of freedom of the press and civil liberties and has high levels of perceived corruption. Venezuela is a developing country with the world's largest known oil reserves and has been one of the world's leading oil exporters. Previously, the country was an underdeveloped exporter of agricultural commodities such as coffee and cocoa, but oil quickly dominated exports and government revenues. The excesses and poor policies of the incumbent government led to the collapse of Venezuela's entire economy. The country struggles with record hyperinflation, shortages of basic goods, unemployment, poverty, disease, high child mortality, malnutrition, environmental issues, severe crime, and corruption. These factors have precipitated the Venezuelan refugee crisis, in which more than 7.7 million people had fled the country by June 2024. By 2017, credit rating agencies declared Venezuela to default regarding debt payments. The crisis in Venezuela has contributed to a rapidly deteriorating human rights situation.
The 2024 presidential election was not recognized by the Carter Center and the Organization of American States due to the lack of granular results. The opposition disputed it, leading to protests across the country.
Spanking and Spanking Art in Venezuela
In the 20th century, school corporal punishment fell out of fashion and was gradually banned in many countries, a trend that continues until the present day.
As of May 2008, Venezuela permits corporal punishment in schools.
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Prostitution in Venezuela
- Prostitution in Venezuela ↗ on Wikipedia
External links
- More information is available at [ Wikipedia:Venezuela ]
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