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'''New Zealand''' is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) and the South Island (Te Waipounamu)—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island country by area and lies east of [[Australia]] across the Tasman Sea and south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland. | |||
'''New Zealand''' is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) and the South Island (Te Waipounamu)—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island country by area and lies east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland. | |||
The islands of New Zealand were the last sizeable habitable land to be settled by humans. Between 1280 and 1350, Polynesians | The islands of New Zealand were the last sizeable habitable land to be settled by humans. Between 1280 and 1350, Polynesians settled in the islands and developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight and record New Zealand. In 1769, the British explorer Captain James Cook became the first European to set foot on and map New Zealand. In 1840, representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, which paved the way for Britain's declaration of sovereignty later that year and the establishment of the Crown Colony of New Zealand in 1841. Subsequently, conflicts between the colonial government and Māori tribes resulted in the alienation and confiscation of large amounts of Māori land. New Zealand became a dominion in 1907; it gained complete statutory independence in 1947, retaining the monarch as head of state. Today, most of New Zealand's population of 5.25 million is of European descent; the indigenous Māori are the most significant minority, followed by Asians and Pasifika. Reflecting this, New Zealand's culture is mainly derived from Māori and early British settlers, with the recent broadening of culture arising from increased immigration. The official languages are English, Māori, and New Zealand Sign Language, with the dominant local English dialect. | ||
A developed country, it was the first to introduce a minimum wage and give women the right to vote. It ranks very highly in international measures of quality of life and human rights and has one of the lowest levels of perceived corruption | A developed country, it was the first to introduce a minimum wage and give women the right to vote. It ranks very highly in international measures of quality of life and human rights and has one of the lowest levels of perceived corruption globally. It retains visible levels of inequality, having structural disparities between its Māori and European populations. New Zealand underwent significant economic changes during the 1980s, transforming it from a protectionist to a liberalized free-trade economy. The service sector dominates the national economy, followed by the industrial sector and agriculture; international tourism is also a significant source of revenue. New Zealand is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, UKUSA, Five Eyes, OECD, ASEAN Plus Six, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Pacific Community, and the Pacific Islands Forum. It enjoys particularly close relations with the United States and is one of its major non-NATO allies; the United Kingdom; Samoa, Fiji, and Tonga; and with [[Australia]], with a shared "Trans-Tasman" identity between the two countries stemming from centuries of British colonization. | ||
Nationally, legislative authority is vested in an elected, unicameral Parliament, while executive political power is exercised by the Government, led by the prime minister, Christopher Luxon. Charles III is the country's king and is represented by the governor-general, Cindy Kiro. In addition, New Zealand is organized into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes. The Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau (a dependent territory), the Cook Islands and Niue (self-governing states in free association with New Zealand), and the Ross Dependency, New Zealand's territorial claim in Antarctica. | Nationally, legislative authority is vested in an elected, unicameral Parliament, while executive political power is exercised by the Government, led by the prime minister, Christopher Luxon. Charles III is the country's king and is represented by the governor-general, Cindy Kiro. In addition, New Zealand is organized into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes. The Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau (a dependent territory), the Cook Islands and Niue (self-governing states in free association with New Zealand), and the Ross Dependency, New Zealand's territorial claim in Antarctica. | ||
== Spanking in New Zealand == | == Spanking in New Zealand == | ||
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Most of New Zealand's current population is of [[Europe]] | Most of New Zealand's current population is of [[Europe]] a descent. In the 19th century, New Zealand became part of the [[Empire|British Empire]]. This also meant that European traditions were widespread, including European [[corporal punishment]] methods, both in [[judicial corporal punishment]] and regarding [[disciplinary spanking]] of children at [[home]] and [[school corporal punishment]] in [[school]]. New Zealand is renowned for being "more English than the English", and this meant the [[caning]] of [[boy]]s at school -- typically, "[[six of the best]]" -- was extremely widespread, usually given in the [[hands-on-knees position]], [[grabbing-ankles position]] or [[touching-toes position]]. Such canings typically took place in the corridor outside the classrooms, the boy delinquent being taken out of the class for the punishment and returning to it immediately afterwards. This custom provided semi-privacy in the interests of sparing a boy unnecessary [[humiliation]]<ref>Source: ''[[Caning: Educational Ritual]]'' by Joseph A. Mercurio, 1975; first published in the [[USA]] in 1972 as ''Caning: Educational Rite and Tradition'' - [http://www.corpun.com/books2.htm#mercurio review by Colin Farrell]</ref>. [[Leather]] [[strap]]s were also not uncommon, participially for primary and intermediate level schools. Girls are rarely caned or otherwise corporally punished at school, though. | ||
*In 1990, New Zealand banned school corporal punishment. | *In 1990, New Zealand banned school corporal punishment. | ||
*In 2007, New Zealand increased | *In 2007, New Zealand increased its spanking ban to at a total ban<ref>[http://www.nzlii.org//cgi-bin/disp.pl/nz/legis/consol_act/cs59aa2007389.pdf?query=child Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007]</ref> | ||
*In 2009, New Zealand held a citizen initiated, non-binding referendum, that voted 87.40% against the criminalization of spanking.<ref>http://www.electionresults.govt.nz/2009_citizens_referendum/</ref> | *In 2009, New Zealand held a citizen initiated, non-binding referendum, that voted 87.40% against the criminalization of spanking.<ref>http://www.electionresults.govt.nz/2009_citizens_referendum/</ref> | ||
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[[Funbun]] is a [[spanking artist]] who lives both in the [[Netherlands]] and New Zealand. The spanking artist and author [[Damian Simons]] is probably from New Zealand. | [[Funbun]] is a [[spanking artist]] who lives both in the [[Netherlands]] and New Zealand. The spanking artist and author [[Damian Simons]] is probably from New Zealand. | ||
[[Roguebfl]] is an [[spanking author|author of spanking stories]] | [[Roguebfl]] is an [[spanking author|author of spanking stories]] who is American by birth but grew up in New Zealand, where he has dual citizenship. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
Latest revision as of 13:55, 3 November 2024
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Source information is available at [ Sources ] |
New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) and the South Island (Te Waipounamu)—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island country by area and lies east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland.
The islands of New Zealand were the last sizeable habitable land to be settled by humans. Between 1280 and 1350, Polynesians settled in the islands and developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight and record New Zealand. In 1769, the British explorer Captain James Cook became the first European to set foot on and map New Zealand. In 1840, representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, which paved the way for Britain's declaration of sovereignty later that year and the establishment of the Crown Colony of New Zealand in 1841. Subsequently, conflicts between the colonial government and Māori tribes resulted in the alienation and confiscation of large amounts of Māori land. New Zealand became a dominion in 1907; it gained complete statutory independence in 1947, retaining the monarch as head of state. Today, most of New Zealand's population of 5.25 million is of European descent; the indigenous Māori are the most significant minority, followed by Asians and Pasifika. Reflecting this, New Zealand's culture is mainly derived from Māori and early British settlers, with the recent broadening of culture arising from increased immigration. The official languages are English, Māori, and New Zealand Sign Language, with the dominant local English dialect.
A developed country, it was the first to introduce a minimum wage and give women the right to vote. It ranks very highly in international measures of quality of life and human rights and has one of the lowest levels of perceived corruption globally. It retains visible levels of inequality, having structural disparities between its Māori and European populations. New Zealand underwent significant economic changes during the 1980s, transforming it from a protectionist to a liberalized free-trade economy. The service sector dominates the national economy, followed by the industrial sector and agriculture; international tourism is also a significant source of revenue. New Zealand is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, UKUSA, Five Eyes, OECD, ASEAN Plus Six, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Pacific Community, and the Pacific Islands Forum. It enjoys particularly close relations with the United States and is one of its major non-NATO allies; the United Kingdom; Samoa, Fiji, and Tonga; and with Australia, with a shared "Trans-Tasman" identity between the two countries stemming from centuries of British colonization.
Nationally, legislative authority is vested in an elected, unicameral Parliament, while executive political power is exercised by the Government, led by the prime minister, Christopher Luxon. Charles III is the country's king and is represented by the governor-general, Cindy Kiro. In addition, New Zealand is organized into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes. The Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau (a dependent territory), the Cook Islands and Niue (self-governing states in free association with New Zealand), and the Ross Dependency, New Zealand's territorial claim in Antarctica.
Spanking in New Zealand
In the 20th century, school corporal punishment fell out of fashion and was gradually banned in many countries, a trend that continues until the present day.
As of May 2008, New Zealand prohibits corporal punishment in schools. Most of New Zealand's current population is of Europe a descent. In the 19th century, New Zealand became part of the British Empire. This also meant that European traditions were widespread, including European corporal punishment methods, both in judicial corporal punishment and regarding disciplinary spanking of children at home and school corporal punishment in school. New Zealand is renowned for being "more English than the English", and this meant the caning of boys at school -- typically, "six of the best" -- was extremely widespread, usually given in the hands-on-knees position, grabbing-ankles position or touching-toes position. Such canings typically took place in the corridor outside the classrooms, the boy delinquent being taken out of the class for the punishment and returning to it immediately afterwards. This custom provided semi-privacy in the interests of sparing a boy unnecessary humiliation[1]. Leather straps were also not uncommon, participially for primary and intermediate level schools. Girls are rarely caned or otherwise corporally punished at school, though.
- In 1990, New Zealand banned school corporal punishment.
- In 2007, New Zealand increased its spanking ban to at a total ban[2]
- In 2009, New Zealand held a citizen initiated, non-binding referendum, that voted 87.40% against the criminalization of spanking.[3]
New Zealand spanking art
Funbun is a spanking artist who lives both in the Netherlands and New Zealand. The spanking artist and author Damian Simons is probably from New Zealand.
Roguebfl is an author of spanking stories who is American by birth but grew up in New Zealand, where he has dual citizenship.
See also
References
External links
- Description of corporal punishment (for boys only) at a mixed-sex city secondary school in the 1960s on World Corporal Punishment Research
- Caning in New Zealand schools, Oct 1981 on World Corporal Punishment Research
- CIA Factbook link for New Zealand
- Images from New Zealand on Bing.com
Chat rooms • What links here • Copyright info • Contact information • Category:Root
- ↑ Source: Caning: Educational Ritual by Joseph A. Mercurio, 1975; first published in the USA in 1972 as Caning: Educational Rite and Tradition - review by Colin Farrell
- ↑ Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007
- ↑ http://www.electionresults.govt.nz/2009_citizens_referendum/