Oceana
Oceania is a region centered on the islands in the tropical Pacific Ocean, including Australia and New Zealand. The region can be subdivided into Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Its total population is more than 35.6 million. Sometimes, Oceania may refer to a continent covering Australia, New Zealand, and other islands in the Southwest Pacific Ocean.
Countries
As defined by the United Nations Statistic Division, the countries in Oceania are as follows:
Australasia
- Australia
- New Zealand (culturally, New Zealand belongs to Polynesia though)
Melanesia
Micronesia
Polynesia
- American Samoa
- Cook Islands
- French Polynesia
- Niue
- Pitcairn
- Samoa
- Tokelau
- Tonga
- Tuvalu
- Wallis and Futuna Islands
Spanking in Oceania
Judicial (JCP), prison (PCP), and school corporal punishment (SCP) were once very common in Australia and New Zealand, and typically followed British traditions. The cat o' nine tails, leather strap, birch and cane were used in these countries until JCP, PCP and SCP were abolished or banned in the mid to late 20th century. Domestic spanking of children, however, is still known to exist in Australia and New Zealand, just as consensual spanking and BDSM activities between adults are common.
JCP is still known to be legal in Fiji [1] and Tonga. [2] In Fiji, males above the age of 17 may be sentenced to a maximum of 12 strokes of the cane, but in 2002 the High Court ruled that corporal punishment is unconstitutional. US State Department reports from the 2000s mention that JCP is rarely or never used at all in Fiji, but SCP and domestic spanking is still common. In Tonga, JCP for men and boys is still in force but news items appear to suggest that it has fallen into disuse. SCP is forbidden by law in Tongan schools.
See also
References
- ↑ Corporal punishment in Fiji on World Corporal Punishment Research
- ↑ Corporal punishment in Tonga on World Corporal Punishment Research
External links
- More information is available at [ Wikipedia:Oceana ]