Spite (sentiment)
Spite or spitefulness as a sentiment, action, or a personality trait has several possible meanings. The American Psychological Association notes that there is "no standard definition of spitefulness. Spite may be generally described as any vindictive or mean-spirited behavior. In a more specific sense, it requires that spiteful actions involve some level of self-harm." One way to define spite is as the deliberate act of annoying, hurting, or upsetting someone, even when there is no clear benefit involved and despite the potential harm to the person engaging in spiteful behavior as well. Spiteful actions or words are expressed in a way that clearly indicates the intent to annoy, hurt, or upset another individual.
In his 1929 examination of emotional disturbances,* Psychology and Morals: An Analysis of Character*, J. A. Hadfield uses deliberately spiteful acts to illustrate the difference between disposition and sentiment.
Spite has also been studied as a trait of human personality; although, in general, spite has been largely ignored in academic literature. University of Washington researchers David K. Marcus, Virgil Zeigler-Hill, Sterett H. Mercer, and Alyssa L. Norris were the first to develop a personality scale designed to measure and assess the trait of spitefulness, which was published in 2014 in Psychological Assessment.
See also [ Plutchik's Wheel of Emotions ]
External links
- More information is available at [ Wikipedia:Spite_(sentiment) ]
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