Drag queen: Difference between revisions
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A '''Drag queen''' is usually a man who dresses (or "drags") in female clothes and make-up for special occasions and usually because they are performing or entertaining as a hostess, stage artist or at an event. This is in contrast to those who [[cross-dressing|cross-dress]] for reasons other than as a source of entertainment for others or [[transgender]] people who are not necessarily drag queens or cross-dressers but sometimes fit into those labels. | A '''Drag queen''' is usually a man who dresses (or "drags") in female clothes and make-up for special occasions and usually, because they are performing or entertaining as a hostess, stage artist, or at an event. This is in contrast to those who [[cross-dressing|cross-dress]] for reasons other than as a source of entertainment for others or [[transgender]] people who are not necessarily drag queens or cross-dressers but sometimes fit into those labels. | ||
There are many | There are many types of drag artists, ranging from professionals who have starred in films to those who try it just once. Drag queens also differ by class and culture and can vary greatly even within the same city. While many assume that all drag queens are gay men or transgender individuals, there are drag artists of all genders and sexualities who perform for various reasons. Typically, drag queens dress in female gender roles, often exaggerating certain traits for comedic, dramatic, or satirical effect. Other drag performers include drag kings, who are women performing in male roles, faux queens, who are women dressing in an exaggerated style to emulate drag queens, and faux kings, who are men dressing to impersonate drag kings. | ||
The term "drag queen" usually refers to people who dress in drag | The term "drag queen" usually refers to people who dress in drag to perform, whether singing or lip-synching, dancing, participating in events such as [[gay pride parade]]s, drag pageants, or at venues such as [[cabaret]]s and discotheques. In the United Kingdom, alongside traditional drag work such as shows and performances, many drag queens engage in 'mix-and-mingle' or hosting work at night clubs or at private parties/events. | ||
Drag is a part of Western gay culture; it is often noted that the [[Stonewall|Stonewall riots]] on June 27 1969 in New York City were inspired and led by drag queens | |||
Drag is a part of Western gay culture; it is often noted that the [[Stonewall|Stonewall riots]] on June 27, 1969, in New York City were inspired and led by drag queens. In part for this reason, drag queens remain a tradition at pride events. Prominent drag queens in a city's gay community often serve as official or unofficial spokespersons, hosts or emcees, fund-raisers, chroniclers, and community leaders. | |||
== Terminology == | == Terminology == | ||
The term | The term "drag queen" originates from [[Polari]], a subset of English slang that was popular in some gay communities during the early 20th century. "Drag" referred to "clothes" and was also theater slang for a woman's costume worn by a male actor. "Queen" pertains to the trait of affected royalty found in many drag characters. | ||
Another term for a drag queen, "female impersonator," is still in use, though it is often considered inaccurate, as many contemporary drag performers do not necessarily aim to pass as women. "Female impersonation," under that label, was once illegal in many places, which led the drag queen José Sarria to give out labels to his friends reading "I am a boy," to avoid accusations of female impersonation. American drag queen RuPaul once stated, "I do not impersonate females! How many women do you know who wear seven-inch heels, four-foot wigs, and skintight dresses?" He also said, "I don't dress like a woman; I dress like a drag queen!" Additionally, celebrity drag couple "The Darling Bears" even sport full beards during their performances. | |||
Some performers prefer to be called "gender illusionists" and blur the line between transgender and drag queen. Generally, transgender performers do not consider themselves drag queens, and drag queens don't see themselves as illusionists. However, there are exceptions, so if in doubt, it's best to ask what the performer prefers. Often, these distinctions are more generational as laws and acceptance of individuality change and evolve. | |||
Many drag queens prefer to be referred to as "she" while in drag and wish to stay completely in character. Some performers may be offended if referred to as "he" or by their legal name while in character. Drag performer RuPaul is one of the few exceptions to this rule, as he appears to be completely indifferent to which pronoun is used to refer to him. In his words, "You can call me he. You can call me she. You can call me Regis and Kathie Lee; I don't care!" | |||
Biological females performing as drag queens are referred to as [[faux queen]]s or bio queens. | Biological females performing as drag queens are referred to as [[faux queen]]s or bio queens. | ||
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Most drag queens perform for personal fulfillment as a hobby, a profession, or an art form; as a way to be in the spotlight; or as a road to local or wider fame. Historically and currently, there have been and are a significant number of [[Heterosexuality|heterosexual]] men, generally actors, who perform in drag. There are also transgender or [[transsexual]] people, as well as straight women, who perform as drag queens. | Most drag queens perform for personal fulfillment as a hobby, a profession, or an art form; as a way to be in the spotlight; or as a road to local or wider fame. Historically and currently, there have been and are a significant number of [[Heterosexuality|heterosexual]] men, generally actors, who perform in drag. There are also transgender or [[transsexual]] people, as well as straight women, who perform as drag queens. | ||
Drag queens are sometimes | Drag queens are sometimes referred to as transvestites, although that term carries somewhat different connotations than "drag queen." "Drag queen" generally suggests cross-dressing for entertainment or performance purposes without necessarily aiming to pass as female. It is not typically used to describe individuals who cross-dress solely for the fulfillment of transvestic fetishes or those whose cross-dressing is primarily part of a private sexual activity or identity. As for transvestites whose motivation is not primarily sexual and who may socialize while cross-dressed, they often identify as heterosexual and tend to attempt to pass rather than adopting the typically extravagant drag queen look. | ||
== Drag Queen Names == | == Drag Queen Names == | ||
*There tend to be three types of drag names: | *There tend to be three types of drag names: | ||
The first are satirical names that play on words, such as Miss Understood, Holly Woodlawn, Peaches Christ, Lypsinka, and Candis Cayne. | The first are satirical names that play on words, such as Miss Understood, Holly Woodlawn, Peaches Christ, Lypsinka, and Candis Cayne and [[Gene Malin]]. | ||
*The second type are names that trend toward glamour and extravagance, such as Dame Edna Everage, Chi Chi LaRue, Margo Howard-Howard, Betty "Legs" Diamond and The Lady Chablis. This is | *The second type are names that trend toward glamour and extravagance, such as Dame Edna Everage, Chi Chi LaRue, Margo Howard-Howard, Betty "Legs" Diamond and The Lady Chablis. This type is used by the character Albin in the movie and musical ''La Cage aux Folles'' for his drag persona, "Miss ZaZa Napoli". | ||
*The third type is | *The third type is often seen as simpler, but it can still have a rich backstory, cultural or geographical significance, or simply serve as a feminine version of a "boy" name. Frequently, a drag queen chooses a name or receives one from a friend or drag mother for a single performance, only to find that they enjoy performing and end up using a less-than-ideal name for years. Drag queens may also change their names, sometimes using two or more names simultaneously for different reasons. Examples of simpler names include Verka Serduchka, Miss Coco Peru, Leigh Bowery, Shequida, Rikki Reeves, and Divine. | ||
== Drag shows and venues == | == Drag shows and venues == | ||
A drag show is | A drag show is a form of entertainment featuring a variety of songs, monologues, or skits performed by either solo artists or groups in drag, all designed to entertain an audience. These performances can range from amateur acts at small bars to complex theatrical productions. Many drag shows include performers who sing or lip-sync to songs while engaging in pre-planned pantomimes or dancing. The performers often don elaborate costumes and makeup, sometimes dressing to imitate various famous female singers or personalities. Additionally, some events are focused on drag, such as Southern Decadence, where the majority of festivities are led by the Grand Marshals, who are traditionally drag queens. | ||
theatrical | |||
== Genres == | == Genres == | ||
* High camp drag queens employ a drag aesthetic based on clown-like values like exaggeration, satire, and ribaldry. Divine, Miss Understood, Peaches Christ, Jolene Sugarbaker and Rye Seronie can be considered examples of camp queens. | * High camp drag queens employ a drag aesthetic based on clown-like values like [[exaggeration]], satire, and ribaldry. Divine, Miss Understood, Peaches Christ, Jolene Sugarbaker and Rye Seronie can be considered examples of camp queens. | ||
* Some drag queens exaggerate in the dimension of elegance and fashion, employing elaborate jewelry and gowns. The Lady Chablis, who can be seen in the movie ''Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil'' is an example of this type of performer. Another example is drag pageant title holders such as Amaya Mann. Many of these drag queens impersonate specific actresses and pop divas such as Cher, [[Madonna]], Céline Dion, and others emulating their high-fashion costuming and jewelry. Drag artist John Epperson has used the persona Lypsinka as a caricature of Joan Crawford, including in his play ''The Passion of the Crawford''. | * Some drag queens exaggerate in the dimension of elegance and fashion, employing elaborate jewelry and gowns. The Lady Chablis, who can be seen in the movie ''[[Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil]]'' is an example of this type of performer. Another example is drag pageant title holders such as Amaya Mann. Many of these drag queens impersonate specific actresses and pop divas such as Cher, [[Madonna]], Céline Dion, and others emulating their high-fashion costuming and jewelry. Drag artist John Epperson has used the persona Lypsinka as a caricature of [[Joan Crawford]], including in his play ''The Passion of the Crawford''. | ||
* Some drag queens primarily perform in pageants, hence the term ''pageant queen''. Pageant queens gear their act toward winning titles and prizes in various contests and pageantry systems. Some of these have grand prizes that rival those of pageants such as Miss America. An example of pageant queens are Vicki Vincent of St. Louis who competed 9 years until she won Miss Gay America in 1989. Khrystal Leight - a Bette Midler impersonator- Victoria Lace from New York who thrives on the USofA system ; Asia O'Hara and Whitney Paige of Texas and Erica Andrews from Texas who holds almost every gay pageant title from Miss USofA to Miss International Queen. These Drag Queens are known nationally as pageant queens and compete yearly in national pageants to promote and improve their female impersonation career. There is a growing sentiment among many drag queens that real women, transvestites, or anyone with surgical augmentation below the neck should not be competing in such pageants labelled as "drag" pageant. Doing so would change the competition, in their outlook, into a transsexual pageant. | * Some drag queens primarily perform in pageants, hence the term ''pageant queen''. Pageant queens gear their act toward winning titles and prizes in various contests and pageantry systems. Some of these have grand prizes that rival those of pageants such as Miss America. An example of pageant queens are Vicki Vincent of St. Louis who competed 9 years until she won Miss Gay America in 1989. Khrystal Leight - a [[Bette Midler]] impersonator- Victoria Lace from New York who thrives on the USofA system ; Asia O'Hara and Whitney Paige of Texas and Erica Andrews from Texas who holds almost every gay pageant title from Miss USofA to Miss International Queen. These Drag Queens are known nationally as pageant queens and compete yearly in national pageants to promote and improve their female impersonation career. There is a growing sentiment among many drag queens that real women, transvestites, or anyone with surgical augmentation below the neck should not be competing in such pageants labelled as "drag" pageant. Doing so would change the competition, in their outlook, into a transsexual pageant. | ||
* Post-modernist drag queens; an example would be The Divine David, now appearing as David Hoyle, who regularly performed in London during the 1990s in clubs such as Duckie, in South London. He used an extreme form of presentation, with make-up that was applied roughly and then smeared across his face. His act was designed to make the audience feel extremely uncomfortable about any preconceived ideas of acceptable subject matter for a drag queen to tackle. One show included cutting up a pig's head and throwing the pieces into the audience. As such, the act bore close similarities to performance art of the 1970s. Vaginal Davis, in Los Angeles, has performed as a drag queen for many years; her [[genderfuck]] performances, often mixing male and female signifiers (also called "sloppy drag"), and her many appearances in performance art venues since the 1980s attest to her status as a performance artist. Like RuPaul, Davis is indifferent to whether addressed as "he" or "she." | * Post-modernist drag queens; an example would be The Divine David, now appearing as David Hoyle, who regularly performed in London during the 1990s in clubs such as Duckie, in South London. He used an extreme form of presentation, with make-up that was applied roughly and then smeared across his face. His act was designed to make the audience feel extremely uncomfortable about any preconceived ideas of acceptable subject matter for a drag queen to tackle. One show included cutting up a pig's head and throwing the pieces into the audience. As such, the act bore close similarities to performance art of the 1970s. Vaginal Davis, in Los Angeles, has performed as a drag queen for many years; her [[genderfuck]] performances, often mixing male and female signifiers (also called "sloppy drag"), and her many appearances in performance art venues since the 1980s attest to her status as a [[performance artist]]. Like RuPaul, Davis is indifferent to whether addressed as "he" or "she." | ||
== Criticism == | == Criticism == | ||
Some members of the lesbian, gay, and bisexual community criticize drag queens and their participation in pride parades and other public events, believing that this projects a limited and harmful image of gay people and impedes a broader social acceptance. Others see this point of view as misplaced misogyny, an appeal to cultural assimilation, or an intolerance of the diversity and history of the gay community and the role drag queens played in kick-starting the gay rights movement in the 1970s. Still others simply regard drag as traditional fun that need not be politically analyzed. | Some members of the lesbian, gay, and bisexual community criticize drag queens and their participation in pride parades and other public events, believing that this projects a limited and harmful image of gay people and impedes a broader social acceptance. Others see this point of view as misplaced misogyny, an appeal to cultural assimilation, or an intolerance of the diversity and history of the gay community and the role drag queens played in kick-starting the gay rights movement in the 1970s. Still others simply regard drag as traditional fun that need not be politically analyzed. | ||
Some feminists believe that drag promotes harmful stereotypes of women, comparable to blackface portrayal of African-Americans by white performers that was popular in the early 20th century. Others see drag as a critique or "subversion" of gender roles. Some drag performers may regard their acts as a satire of femininity, as a form of social criticism, or an exaggeration of the stereotypes society has created about and around women. Others may view it as a homage, entertainment, an art form, or simply an amusement. | Some feminists believe that drag promotes harmful stereotypes of women, comparable to blackface portrayal of African-Americans by white performers that was popular in the early 20th century. Others see drag as a critique or "subversion" of gender roles. Some drag performers may regard their acts as a satire of femininity, as a form of social criticism, or an [[exaggeration]] of the stereotypes society has created about and around women. Others may view it as a homage, entertainment, an art form, or simply an amusement. | ||
Drag queens are sometimes scorned by members of the transgender community | Drag queens are sometimes scorned by members of the transgender community especially, but not exclusively, by many [[transsexual]] women because of fears that they may be stereotyped as drag queens. Canadian transgender [[activist]] Star Maris wrote a song entitled "I'm Not A Fucking Drag Queen" which expresses this viewpoint. The song was featured in the film ''Better Than Chocolate'', performed by a male-to-female transsexual on stage at a gay club. The transsexual character, played by Peter Outerbridge, struggles throughout the movie to fit in with "real" women, and partially performs the song as an act of cathartic defiance and self-empowerment. | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
Latest revision as of 07:05, 30 April 2025
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This article about lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or transgender issues Also see the article on Sexual orientation |
A Drag queen is usually a man who dresses (or "drags") in female clothes and make-up for special occasions and usually, because they are performing or entertaining as a hostess, stage artist, or at an event. This is in contrast to those who cross-dress for reasons other than as a source of entertainment for others or transgender people who are not necessarily drag queens or cross-dressers but sometimes fit into those labels.
There are many types of drag artists, ranging from professionals who have starred in films to those who try it just once. Drag queens also differ by class and culture and can vary greatly even within the same city. While many assume that all drag queens are gay men or transgender individuals, there are drag artists of all genders and sexualities who perform for various reasons. Typically, drag queens dress in female gender roles, often exaggerating certain traits for comedic, dramatic, or satirical effect. Other drag performers include drag kings, who are women performing in male roles, faux queens, who are women dressing in an exaggerated style to emulate drag queens, and faux kings, who are men dressing to impersonate drag kings.
The term "drag queen" usually refers to people who dress in drag to perform, whether singing or lip-synching, dancing, participating in events such as gay pride parades, drag pageants, or at venues such as cabarets and discotheques. In the United Kingdom, alongside traditional drag work such as shows and performances, many drag queens engage in 'mix-and-mingle' or hosting work at night clubs or at private parties/events.
Drag is a part of Western gay culture; it is often noted that the Stonewall riots on June 27, 1969, in New York City were inspired and led by drag queens. In part for this reason, drag queens remain a tradition at pride events. Prominent drag queens in a city's gay community often serve as official or unofficial spokespersons, hosts or emcees, fund-raisers, chroniclers, and community leaders.
Terminology
The term "drag queen" originates from Polari, a subset of English slang that was popular in some gay communities during the early 20th century. "Drag" referred to "clothes" and was also theater slang for a woman's costume worn by a male actor. "Queen" pertains to the trait of affected royalty found in many drag characters.
Another term for a drag queen, "female impersonator," is still in use, though it is often considered inaccurate, as many contemporary drag performers do not necessarily aim to pass as women. "Female impersonation," under that label, was once illegal in many places, which led the drag queen José Sarria to give out labels to his friends reading "I am a boy," to avoid accusations of female impersonation. American drag queen RuPaul once stated, "I do not impersonate females! How many women do you know who wear seven-inch heels, four-foot wigs, and skintight dresses?" He also said, "I don't dress like a woman; I dress like a drag queen!" Additionally, celebrity drag couple "The Darling Bears" even sport full beards during their performances.
Some performers prefer to be called "gender illusionists" and blur the line between transgender and drag queen. Generally, transgender performers do not consider themselves drag queens, and drag queens don't see themselves as illusionists. However, there are exceptions, so if in doubt, it's best to ask what the performer prefers. Often, these distinctions are more generational as laws and acceptance of individuality change and evolve.
Many drag queens prefer to be referred to as "she" while in drag and wish to stay completely in character. Some performers may be offended if referred to as "he" or by their legal name while in character. Drag performer RuPaul is one of the few exceptions to this rule, as he appears to be completely indifferent to which pronoun is used to refer to him. In his words, "You can call me he. You can call me she. You can call me Regis and Kathie Lee; I don't care!"
Biological females performing as drag queens are referred to as faux queens or bio queens.
Drag and transvestism
Most drag queens perform for personal fulfillment as a hobby, a profession, or an art form; as a way to be in the spotlight; or as a road to local or wider fame. Historically and currently, there have been and are a significant number of heterosexual men, generally actors, who perform in drag. There are also transgender or transsexual people, as well as straight women, who perform as drag queens.
Drag queens are sometimes referred to as transvestites, although that term carries somewhat different connotations than "drag queen." "Drag queen" generally suggests cross-dressing for entertainment or performance purposes without necessarily aiming to pass as female. It is not typically used to describe individuals who cross-dress solely for the fulfillment of transvestic fetishes or those whose cross-dressing is primarily part of a private sexual activity or identity. As for transvestites whose motivation is not primarily sexual and who may socialize while cross-dressed, they often identify as heterosexual and tend to attempt to pass rather than adopting the typically extravagant drag queen look.
Drag Queen Names
- There tend to be three types of drag names:
The first are satirical names that play on words, such as Miss Understood, Holly Woodlawn, Peaches Christ, Lypsinka, and Candis Cayne and Gene Malin.
- The second type are names that trend toward glamour and extravagance, such as Dame Edna Everage, Chi Chi LaRue, Margo Howard-Howard, Betty "Legs" Diamond and The Lady Chablis. This type is used by the character Albin in the movie and musical La Cage aux Folles for his drag persona, "Miss ZaZa Napoli".
- The third type is often seen as simpler, but it can still have a rich backstory, cultural or geographical significance, or simply serve as a feminine version of a "boy" name. Frequently, a drag queen chooses a name or receives one from a friend or drag mother for a single performance, only to find that they enjoy performing and end up using a less-than-ideal name for years. Drag queens may also change their names, sometimes using two or more names simultaneously for different reasons. Examples of simpler names include Verka Serduchka, Miss Coco Peru, Leigh Bowery, Shequida, Rikki Reeves, and Divine.
Drag shows and venues
A drag show is a form of entertainment featuring a variety of songs, monologues, or skits performed by either solo artists or groups in drag, all designed to entertain an audience. These performances can range from amateur acts at small bars to complex theatrical productions. Many drag shows include performers who sing or lip-sync to songs while engaging in pre-planned pantomimes or dancing. The performers often don elaborate costumes and makeup, sometimes dressing to imitate various famous female singers or personalities. Additionally, some events are focused on drag, such as Southern Decadence, where the majority of festivities are led by the Grand Marshals, who are traditionally drag queens.
Genres
- High camp drag queens employ a drag aesthetic based on clown-like values like exaggeration, satire, and ribaldry. Divine, Miss Understood, Peaches Christ, Jolene Sugarbaker and Rye Seronie can be considered examples of camp queens.
- Some drag queens exaggerate in the dimension of elegance and fashion, employing elaborate jewelry and gowns. The Lady Chablis, who can be seen in the movie Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil is an example of this type of performer. Another example is drag pageant title holders such as Amaya Mann. Many of these drag queens impersonate specific actresses and pop divas such as Cher, Madonna, Céline Dion, and others emulating their high-fashion costuming and jewelry. Drag artist John Epperson has used the persona Lypsinka as a caricature of Joan Crawford, including in his play The Passion of the Crawford.
- Some drag queens primarily perform in pageants, hence the term pageant queen. Pageant queens gear their act toward winning titles and prizes in various contests and pageantry systems. Some of these have grand prizes that rival those of pageants such as Miss America. An example of pageant queens are Vicki Vincent of St. Louis who competed 9 years until she won Miss Gay America in 1989. Khrystal Leight - a Bette Midler impersonator- Victoria Lace from New York who thrives on the USofA system ; Asia O'Hara and Whitney Paige of Texas and Erica Andrews from Texas who holds almost every gay pageant title from Miss USofA to Miss International Queen. These Drag Queens are known nationally as pageant queens and compete yearly in national pageants to promote and improve their female impersonation career. There is a growing sentiment among many drag queens that real women, transvestites, or anyone with surgical augmentation below the neck should not be competing in such pageants labelled as "drag" pageant. Doing so would change the competition, in their outlook, into a transsexual pageant.
- Post-modernist drag queens; an example would be The Divine David, now appearing as David Hoyle, who regularly performed in London during the 1990s in clubs such as Duckie, in South London. He used an extreme form of presentation, with make-up that was applied roughly and then smeared across his face. His act was designed to make the audience feel extremely uncomfortable about any preconceived ideas of acceptable subject matter for a drag queen to tackle. One show included cutting up a pig's head and throwing the pieces into the audience. As such, the act bore close similarities to performance art of the 1970s. Vaginal Davis, in Los Angeles, has performed as a drag queen for many years; her genderfuck performances, often mixing male and female signifiers (also called "sloppy drag"), and her many appearances in performance art venues since the 1980s attest to her status as a performance artist. Like RuPaul, Davis is indifferent to whether addressed as "he" or "she."
Criticism
Some members of the lesbian, gay, and bisexual community criticize drag queens and their participation in pride parades and other public events, believing that this projects a limited and harmful image of gay people and impedes a broader social acceptance. Others see this point of view as misplaced misogyny, an appeal to cultural assimilation, or an intolerance of the diversity and history of the gay community and the role drag queens played in kick-starting the gay rights movement in the 1970s. Still others simply regard drag as traditional fun that need not be politically analyzed.
Some feminists believe that drag promotes harmful stereotypes of women, comparable to blackface portrayal of African-Americans by white performers that was popular in the early 20th century. Others see drag as a critique or "subversion" of gender roles. Some drag performers may regard their acts as a satire of femininity, as a form of social criticism, or an exaggeration of the stereotypes society has created about and around women. Others may view it as a homage, entertainment, an art form, or simply an amusement.
Drag queens are sometimes scorned by members of the transgender community especially, but not exclusively, by many transsexual women because of fears that they may be stereotyped as drag queens. Canadian transgender activist Star Maris wrote a song entitled "I'm Not A Fucking Drag Queen" which expresses this viewpoint. The song was featured in the film Better Than Chocolate, performed by a male-to-female transsexual on stage at a gay club. The transsexual character, played by Peter Outerbridge, struggles throughout the movie to fit in with "real" women, and partially performs the song as an act of cathartic defiance and self-empowerment.
External links
- Drag Artist Discography (information and discography with historical references and photos) of drag artists & female impersonators
- The Pink Mirror - a film on Indian drag queens
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