Grief: Difference between revisions
(Created page with "{{Header|Grief 04/25}} {{cat-psych|Grief}} '''Grief''' is the response to the loss of something deemed important, particularly the death of a person or animal to whom a bond or affection was formed. Although conventionally focused on the emotional response to loss, grief also has physical, cognitive, behavioral, social, cultural, spiritual, and philosophical dimensions. While the terms are often used interchangeably, bereavement refers to the state of loss, whereas grief...") |
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'''Grief''' is the response to the loss of something deemed important, particularly the death of a person or animal to whom a bond or affection was formed. Although conventionally focused on the emotional response to loss, grief also has physical, cognitive, behavioral, social, cultural, spiritual, and philosophical dimensions. While the terms are often used interchangeably, bereavement refers to the state of loss, whereas grief is the reaction to that loss. | '''Grief''' is the response to the loss of something deemed important, particularly the death of a person or animal to whom a bond or affection was formed. Although conventionally focused on the emotional response to loss, grief also has physical, cognitive, behavioral, social, cultural, spiritual, and philosophical dimensions. While the terms are often used interchangeably, bereavement refers to the state of loss, whereas grief is the reaction to that loss. | ||
The grief associated with death is familiar to most people, but individuals | The grief associated with death is familiar to most people, but individuals experience grief over various losses throughout their lives, such as unemployment, ill health, or the end of a relationship. Loss can be categorized as either physical or abstract; physical loss relates to something the individual can touch or measure, such as losing a spouse through death, while other types of loss are more abstract, often relating to aspects of a person's social interactions. | ||
== Grieving process == | == Grieving process == | ||
Between 1996 and 2006, there was extensive skepticism about a universal and predictable "emotional pathway" that leads from distress to "recovery" with an appreciation that grief is a more complex process of adapting to loss than stage and phase models have previously suggested. The two-track model of bereavement, created by Simon Shimshon Rubin in 1981, | Between 1996 and 2006, there was extensive skepticism about a universal and predictable "emotional pathway" that leads from distress to "recovery" with an appreciation that grief is a more complex process of adapting to loss than stage and phase models have previously suggested. The two-track model of bereavement, created by Simon Shimshon Rubin in 1981, provided a deeper focus on the grieving process. The model examines the long-term effects of bereavement by measuring how well the person is adapting to the loss of a significant person in their life. The main objective of the two-track model of bereavement is for the individual to "manage and live in reality in which the deceased is absent," as well as return to normal biological functioning. | ||
Track One | Track One focuses on the biopsychosocial functioning of grief. It emphasizes anxiety, depression, somatic concerns, traumatic responses, familial relationships, interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, meaning structure, work, and investment in life tasks. Rubin (2010) points out, "Track 1, the range of aspects of the individual's functioning across affective, interpersonal, somatic and classical psychiatric indicators is considered". All of the terms listed above are recognized for their importance in relation to people's responses to grief and loss. | ||
The significance of the closeness between the bereaved and the deceased is | The significance of the closeness between the bereaved and the deceased is crucial to Track 1 because it can determine the severity of the mourning and grief the bereaved will experience. This first track addresses extremely stressful life events and requires adaptation, change, and integration. The second track focuses on the ongoing relationship between the griever and the deceased, primarily examining the connection and level of closeness shared. The two main components considered are positive and negative memories, along with the emotional involvement shared with the decedent. The stronger the relationship with the deceased, the greater the evaluation of that relationship with heightened shock. | ||
: An Iranian mother mourns her son, who was killed in the Iran-Iraq war over 20 years earlier. Isfahan, 2011. | |||
Any memory can trigger the bereaved, reflecting how they choose to remember their loved ones and how they integrate those memories into their daily lives. | |||
An | Ten main attributes of this track include imagery/memory, emotional distance, positive effect, negative effect, preoccupation with loss, conflict, idealization, memorialization/transformation of loss, impact on self-perception, and the loss process (shock, searching, disorganized). An outcome of this track is the ability to recognize how transformation occurs beyond grief and mourning. By outlining the main aspects of the bereavement process into two interactive tracks, individuals can examine and understand how grief has affected their lives following loss and begin to adapt to this post-loss life. The Model offers better insight into the duration of time following one's loss and the outcomes that evolve from death. By utilizing this model, researchers can effectively assess the response to an individual's loss by evaluating their behavioral-psychological functioning and the relationship with the deceased. | ||
The authors from "What's Your Grief?", Litza Williams and Eleanor Haley, state in their understanding of the clinical and therapeutic uses of the model: | |||
In terms of functioning, this model can help the bereaved identify which areas of their life have been negatively impacted by grief, as well as areas to which they have already begun to adapt after the loss. If the bereaved is unable to return to their normal functioning as it was before the loss occurred, they will likely find difficulty in the process of working through the loss and their separation from the deceased. Along the relational aspect, the bereaved can become aware of their relationship with the deceased and how it has changed or may change in the future (Williams & Haley, 2017). | |||
The Two-Track Model of Bereavement can help specify areas of mutuality (how people respond affectively to trauma and change) and also differences (how bereaved people may be preoccupied with the deceased following loss compared to how they may be preoccupied with trauma following exposure to it) (Rubin, S.S, 1999). | |||
While the grief response is considered a natural way to cope with loss, prolonged and highly intense grief may, at times, become debilitating enough to be regarded as a disorder. | |||
== "Five stages" model == | |||
{{wikimain|Kübler-Ross model}} | |||
"Five stages" model | The Kübler-Ross model, commonly known as the five stages of grief, describes a hypothesis first introduced by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her 1969 book, On Death and Dying.[20] Based on the uncredited earlier work of John Bowlby and Colin Murray-Parkes, Kübler-Ross applied the stages to individuals who were dying, rather than to those who were grieving. | ||
The Kübler-Ross model, commonly known as the five stages of grief, describes a hypothesis first introduced by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her 1969 book, On Death and Dying.[20] Based on the uncredited earlier work of John Bowlby and Colin Murray-Parkes, Kübler-Ross | |||
The five stages are: | The five stages are: | ||
* denial | * denial | ||
* anger | * anger | ||
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* acceptance | * acceptance | ||
This model found limited empirical support in a study by Maciejewski et al. | This model found limited empirical support in a study by Maciejewski et al. That is, the sequence was correct, although Acceptance was highest at all points throughout the person's experience. The research of George Bonanno, however, is acknowledged for debunking the five stages of grief, as his large body of peer-reviewed studies shows that the vast majority of people who have experienced a loss are resilient and that there are multiple trajectories following loss. | ||
{{sa|Plutchik's Wheel of Emotions}} | {{sa|Plutchik's Wheel of Emotions}} | ||
{{emotions}} | {{emotions}} | ||
Latest revision as of 07:51, 19 April 2025
Grief is the response to the loss of something deemed important, particularly the death of a person or animal to whom a bond or affection was formed. Although conventionally focused on the emotional response to loss, grief also has physical, cognitive, behavioral, social, cultural, spiritual, and philosophical dimensions. While the terms are often used interchangeably, bereavement refers to the state of loss, whereas grief is the reaction to that loss.
The grief associated with death is familiar to most people, but individuals experience grief over various losses throughout their lives, such as unemployment, ill health, or the end of a relationship. Loss can be categorized as either physical or abstract; physical loss relates to something the individual can touch or measure, such as losing a spouse through death, while other types of loss are more abstract, often relating to aspects of a person's social interactions.
Grieving process
Between 1996 and 2006, there was extensive skepticism about a universal and predictable "emotional pathway" that leads from distress to "recovery" with an appreciation that grief is a more complex process of adapting to loss than stage and phase models have previously suggested. The two-track model of bereavement, created by Simon Shimshon Rubin in 1981, provided a deeper focus on the grieving process. The model examines the long-term effects of bereavement by measuring how well the person is adapting to the loss of a significant person in their life. The main objective of the two-track model of bereavement is for the individual to "manage and live in reality in which the deceased is absent," as well as return to normal biological functioning.
Track One focuses on the biopsychosocial functioning of grief. It emphasizes anxiety, depression, somatic concerns, traumatic responses, familial relationships, interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, meaning structure, work, and investment in life tasks. Rubin (2010) points out, "Track 1, the range of aspects of the individual's functioning across affective, interpersonal, somatic and classical psychiatric indicators is considered". All of the terms listed above are recognized for their importance in relation to people's responses to grief and loss.
The significance of the closeness between the bereaved and the deceased is crucial to Track 1 because it can determine the severity of the mourning and grief the bereaved will experience. This first track addresses extremely stressful life events and requires adaptation, change, and integration. The second track focuses on the ongoing relationship between the griever and the deceased, primarily examining the connection and level of closeness shared. The two main components considered are positive and negative memories, along with the emotional involvement shared with the decedent. The stronger the relationship with the deceased, the greater the evaluation of that relationship with heightened shock.
- An Iranian mother mourns her son, who was killed in the Iran-Iraq war over 20 years earlier. Isfahan, 2011.
Any memory can trigger the bereaved, reflecting how they choose to remember their loved ones and how they integrate those memories into their daily lives.
Ten main attributes of this track include imagery/memory, emotional distance, positive effect, negative effect, preoccupation with loss, conflict, idealization, memorialization/transformation of loss, impact on self-perception, and the loss process (shock, searching, disorganized). An outcome of this track is the ability to recognize how transformation occurs beyond grief and mourning. By outlining the main aspects of the bereavement process into two interactive tracks, individuals can examine and understand how grief has affected their lives following loss and begin to adapt to this post-loss life. The Model offers better insight into the duration of time following one's loss and the outcomes that evolve from death. By utilizing this model, researchers can effectively assess the response to an individual's loss by evaluating their behavioral-psychological functioning and the relationship with the deceased.
The authors from "What's Your Grief?", Litza Williams and Eleanor Haley, state in their understanding of the clinical and therapeutic uses of the model:
In terms of functioning, this model can help the bereaved identify which areas of their life have been negatively impacted by grief, as well as areas to which they have already begun to adapt after the loss. If the bereaved is unable to return to their normal functioning as it was before the loss occurred, they will likely find difficulty in the process of working through the loss and their separation from the deceased. Along the relational aspect, the bereaved can become aware of their relationship with the deceased and how it has changed or may change in the future (Williams & Haley, 2017).
The Two-Track Model of Bereavement can help specify areas of mutuality (how people respond affectively to trauma and change) and also differences (how bereaved people may be preoccupied with the deceased following loss compared to how they may be preoccupied with trauma following exposure to it) (Rubin, S.S, 1999).
While the grief response is considered a natural way to cope with loss, prolonged and highly intense grief may, at times, become debilitating enough to be regarded as a disorder.
"Five stages" model
- Wikipedia article: Kübler-Ross model
The Kübler-Ross model, commonly known as the five stages of grief, describes a hypothesis first introduced by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her 1969 book, On Death and Dying.[20] Based on the uncredited earlier work of John Bowlby and Colin Murray-Parkes, Kübler-Ross applied the stages to individuals who were dying, rather than to those who were grieving.
The five stages are:
- denial
- anger
- bargaining
- depression
- acceptance
This model found limited empirical support in a study by Maciejewski et al. That is, the sequence was correct, although Acceptance was highest at all points throughout the person's experience. The research of George Bonanno, however, is acknowledged for debunking the five stages of grief, as his large body of peer-reviewed studies shows that the vast majority of people who have experienced a loss are resilient and that there are multiple trajectories following loss.
See also [ Plutchik's Wheel of Emotions ]
External links
- More information is available at [ Wikipedia:Grief ]
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